NESdev Wiki, “PPU frame timing”

Cite as: NESdev Wiki, “PPU frame timing”
Original: https://www.nesdev.org/wiki/PPU_frame_timing
sha256: 96106d40a54e0736606fbadea164ff4ce97fed2b2bfc1bc26589ca996d589a06
Version: oldid 19961
Archived: https://web.archive.org/web/20261001134919/https://www.nesdev.org/wiki/PPU_frame_timing
Accessed: 2026-10-27
Licence: none stated on the page
Credit: NESdev Wiki editors (nesdev.org); see the page history.
Notes: Read from the Wayback capture of 2026-10-01 (revision 19961). Used for the dot an NTSC PPU skips on odd frames while rendering is on.

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The NTSC NES draws 60.0988 frames a second while rendering is on. The PPU's clock is the 21.477272 MHz master clock (236.25 MHz ÷ 11) divided by 4, and a frame is 341 dots by 262 lines, less one dot on every odd frame: 89,341.5 dots a frame on average, which gives exactly 39,375,000/655,171 frames a second (60.098814). With rendering off, no dot is skipped: 89,342 dots, 60.0985 frames a second.	`CPU-PPU Clock AlignmentEven/Odd FramesEven/Odd Frames`	Wiki